The former player: 'I hoped to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This article contains details of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racism in professional rugby brought his career to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he explained to reporters.
"I wanted to carry on competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were inquiries underway.
"That was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the fate and accept that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather enough evidence to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had multiple traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given considerable focus on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"We are continuing work with teams and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face education on creating inclusive environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in under-served communities and help them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is prepared to share their story then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the game as excellent as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more confident others will become about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I grab the bull by the opportunity and keep carrying this banner and continue carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that the sport has the potential to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022